Thanks all for your replies.
I'm still not clear on how it "decides". (But note again, this is purely curiosity).
My painting with reds, blues, and neutral got 7 colors assigned. One of the assigned colors seems to the one on the donkey's nose, which doesn't make up much of the painting.
My painting with mostly blue, plus grey, green, and orange got assigned only 5 colors. The amount of orange is at least as much as the donkey nose color. With up to 7 colors assigned, orange could have been included.
I noticed on David's avatar piece that the gray of the headlights and bumper is assigned - yet it doesn't seem to be any more dominant than the orange in my painting.
Nancy's great pic has 11 assigned colors (!) and includes pink as an assigned color, but the total area of pink doesn't seem that much.
It seems overall to pick predominant colors as Abbie and David mentioned, but I think Mike is on to something, as he often is - sometimes they are simply a mystery. Or the formula it uses is too complex for my feeble brain - maybe some sort of weighted system. If there are lots of different colors, like Nancy's piece, then each one has only a small area, and they all "count". If there are only a few colors, like my turtles, then a color that might have a fair area of coverage doesn't count compared to the few that make up all the rest.
Or not.