Lake Mcdonald Glacier National Park

Glacier National Park (U.S.)
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by Jeff Swan

Title

Lake Mcdonald Glacier National Park

Artist

Jeff Swan

Medium

Photograph

Description

Glacier National Park (U.S.)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Glacier National Park.
Glacier National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Map showing the location of Glacier National Park
Location Flathead County & Glacier County, Montana, United States
Nearest city Kalispell, Montana
Coordinates 48�41��48��N 113�43��6��WCoordinates: 48�41��48��N 113�43��6��W
Area 1,013,322 acres (4,101 km2; 1,583 sq mi)[1]
Established May 11, 1910
Visitors 1,853,564 (in 2011)[2]
Governing body National Park Service
World Heritage Site 1995
Saint Mary Lake is the second largest lake in the park, after Lake McDonald

Glacier National Park is a national park located in the U.S. state of Montana, on the Canada�United States border with the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. The park encompasses over 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) and includes parts of two mountain ranges (sub-ranges of the Rocky Mountains), over 130 named lakes, more than 1,000 different species of plants and hundreds of species of animals. This vast pristine ecosystem is the centerpiece of what has been referred to as the "Crown of the Continent Ecosystem", a region of protected land encompassing 16,000 square miles (41,000 km2).[3]

The region that became Glacier National Park was first inhabited by Native Americans and upon the arrival of European explorers, was dominated by the Blackfeet in the east and the Flathead in the western regions. Soon after the establishment of the park on May 11, 1910, a number of hotels and chalets were constructed by the Great Northern Railway. These historic hotels and chalets are listed as National Historic Landmarks, and a total of 350 locations are on the National Register of Historic Places. By 1932, work was completed on the Going-to-the-Sun Road, later designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, which provided greater accessibility for automobiles into the heart of the park.

The mountains of Glacier National Park began forming 170 million years ago when ancient rocks were forced eastward up and over much younger rock strata. Known as the Lewis Overthrust, these sedimentary rocks are considered to have some of the finest fossilized examples of extremely early life found anywhere on Earth. The current shapes of the Lewis and Livingston mountain ranges and positioning and size of the lakes show the telltale evidence of massive glacial action, which carved U-shaped valleys and left behind moraines which impounded water creating lakes. Of the estimated 150 glaciers which existed in the park in the mid-19th century, only 25 active glaciers remained by 2010.[4] Scientists studying the glaciers in the park have estimated that all the glaciers may disappear by 2020 if the current climate patterns persist.

Glacier National Park has almost all its original native plant and animal species. Large mammals such as the grizzly, moose and mountain goat, as well as rare or endangered species like the wolverine and Canadian lynx inhabit the park. Hundreds of species of birds, more than a dozen fish species and a few reptile and amphibian species have been documented. The park has numerous ecosystems ranging from prairie to tundra. Notably, the easternmost forests of red cedar and hemlock grow in the southwest portion of the park. Large forest fires are uncommon in the park. However, in 2003, over 13% of the park burned.[5]

Glacier National Park borders Waterton Lakes National Park in Canada�the two parks are known as the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, and were designated as the world's first International Peace Park in 1932. Both parks were designated by the United Nations as Biosphere Reserves in 1976, and in 1995 as World Heritage sites.[6][7]
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August 12th, 2012